1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
Speedsecp256k1 ethereum
polkadot su
bitcoin download bitcoin golden You may be wondering what types of cryptocurrencies are out there. You’ve likely heard of a few, such as Bitcoin (BTC), Dash (DASH), and Monero (XMR). However, the reality is that there are actually thousands of different cryptocurrencies in existence. Coinmarketcap.com reports that there are 7,433 cryptocurrencies as of Oct. 16, 2020, and the global crypto market is worth more than $356 billion.bitcoin расшифровка tether usb bitcoin puzzle M3 (which includes all the other buckets) minus M1 is worth about 45 trillion U.S. dollars.20 We will include this as a store of value that is comparable to bitcoin. To this, we will also add an estimate for the worldwide value of gold held as a store of value. While some may use jewelry as a store of value, for our model we will only consider gold bullion. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that at the end of 1999, there were about 122,000 metric tons of available above-ground gold.21 Of this, 48%, or 58,560 metric tons, was in the form of private and official bullion stocks. At an estimated current price of $1,200 per troy ounce, that amount of gold is today worth upwards of 2.1 trillion U.S. dollars. Since there has in recent years been a deficit in the supply of silver and governments have been selling significant amounts of their silver bullion, we reason that most silver is being used in industry and not as a store of value, and will not include silver in our model.22 Neither will we treat other precious metals or gemstones. In aggregate, our estimate for the global value of stores of value comparable to bitcoin, including savings accounts, small and large time deposits, money market funds, and gold bullion, come to 47.1 trillion U.S. dollars.From sourcing raw materials delivering the finished product, blockchain can increase transparency and trust at every stage of the industrial value chain. Pain points it could help address include:simple bitcoin iphone tether
monero кран monero cpuminer secp256k1 ethereum antminer bitcoin nvidia monero мерчант bitcoin ethereum бесплатно avatrade bitcoin халява bitcoin main bitcoin community bitcoin bitcoin capital bank cryptocurrency
обвал ethereum konvertor bitcoin monero gpu Forbes magazine declared bitcoin 'dead' in June 2011, followed by Gizmodo Australia in August 2011. Wired magazine wrote it had 'expired' in December 2012. Ouishare Magazine declared, 'game over, bitcoin' in May 2013, and New York Magazine stated bitcoin was 'on its path to grave' in June 2013. Reuters published an 'obituary' for bitcoin in January 2014. Street Insider declared bitcoin 'dead' in February 2014, followed by The Weekly Standard in March 2014, Salon in March 2014, Vice News in March 2014, and Financial Times in September 2014. In January 2015, USA Today stated bitcoin was 'headed to the ash heap', and The Telegraph declared 'the end of bitcoin experiment'. In January 2016, former bitcoin developer Mike Hearn called bitcoin a 'failed project'.genesis bitcoin bitcoin gambling bitcoin half
metropolis ethereum ethereum биржа серфинг bitcoin bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin пополнить bitcoin fan bitcoin информация pull bitcoin
bitcoin лого
bitcoin start ethereum serpent takara bitcoin bitcoin безопасность blogspot bitcoin системе bitcoin
приложение tether bitcoin compromised
monero cryptonote
bitcoin comprar проблемы bitcoin ethereum calc bitcoin rotator
wisdom bitcoin rpg bitcoin javascript bitcoin matrix bitcoin bitcoin future
bitcoin people ethereum покупка logo bitcoin bitcoin vip cryptocurrency nem bitcoin форекс bitcoin экспресс fox bitcoin billionaire bitcoin bitcoin paypal payable ethereum ethereum io nanopool monero moon ethereum
token ethereum ethereum токены ethereum заработок
терминалы bitcoin bitcoin aliexpress ethereum web3 трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin instagram
siiz bitcoin
tether wifi bitcoin оплатить сколько bitcoin bitcoin ммвб оборот bitcoin bitcoin greenaddress
bitcoin казахстан bitcoin пополнить
green bitcoin
p2p bitcoin bitcoin пицца
bitcoin видео moto bitcoin store bitcoin bitcoin хардфорк
bitcoin сбор network bitcoin цена ethereum bitcoin timer
bitcoin usd fire bitcoin carding bitcoin gambling bitcoin ethereum курсы
bitcoin бесплатные криптовалюту monero bitcoin nyse pow bitcoin bitcoin рейтинг bitcoin addnode algorithm bitcoin ethereum coins cryptocurrency top lite bitcoin froggy bitcoin что bitcoin конвертер ethereum адреса bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin tor alpari bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency space bitcoin вики bitcoin bitcoin block tether coin bitcoin работа
connect bitcoin ethereum логотип bitcoin traffic
ethereum логотип количество bitcoin bitcoin обменник обвал ethereum 4 bitcoin electrum ethereum ethereum github bitcoin change bitcoin alliance обмен ethereum bitcoin конец amazon bitcoin bitcoin direct bitcoin biz ethereum explorer новости monero usb tether bitcoin purchase
купить bitcoin bitcoin net контракты ethereum bitcoin анимация bitcoin зарабатывать nonce bitcoin love bitcoin rpc bitcoin qiwi bitcoin bitcoin kazanma bitcoin bloomberg википедия ethereum ethereum ubuntu bitcoin usb monero address blocks bitcoin monero cpuminer bitcoin hacker
bitcoin настройка bitcoin продаю bitcoin linux ethereum avatrade bitcoin today bitcoin puzzle bitcoin bitcoin рейтинг bitcoin оплата collector bitcoin форум bitcoin bitcoin рубль bitcoin primedice decred ethereum ethereum упал bitcoin club куплю bitcoin ethereum падает bitcoin save multiply bitcoin decred ethereum block ethereum free bitcoin bitcoin пицца bitcoin терминалы майнер monero wikipedia bitcoin bitcoin explorer bitcoin asic bitcoin microsoft usb bitcoin hardware bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin carding bitcoin ethereum алгоритм адрес ethereum bitcoin ledger protocol bitcoin ethereum получить разработчик bitcoin сервисы bitcoin новости ethereum bitcoin сокращение bitcoin конвертер NUMBER OF COINScryptocurrency analytics These conceptual breakthroughs must have been exciting to the technologists of the early 1980s. But the excitement would soon be disrupted by rapid changes in business.Right now, I’d recommend Ethereum as a good investment. The prices of most cryptocurrencies have dropped recently, and so has the price of Ether. So, if you are looking at how to invest in Ethereum, now would be a good time to do so.aml bitcoin
bitcoin автоматически bitcoin email ethereum mist secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin pps Bitcoin is a new currency that was created in 2009 by an unknown person using the alias Satoshi Nakamoto. Transactions are made with no middle men – meaning, no banks! Bitcoin can be used to book hotels on Expedia, shop for furniture on Overstock and buy Xbox games. But much of the hype is about getting rich by trading it. The price of bitcoin skyrocketed into the thousands in 2017.bitcoin background шифрование bitcoin mining ethereum
polkadot su bitcoin тинькофф сеть bitcoin
monero майнить ethereum microsoft polkadot store банк bitcoin
bitcoin chart кошелька ethereum chart bitcoin bitcoin asic ethereum телеграмм bitcoin weekend bitcoin protocol bitmakler ethereum bitcoin вконтакте аналоги bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin de air bitcoin mine ethereum bitcoin 100 10000 bitcoin bitcoin миллионеры bitcoin открыть bitcoin конвертер
uk bitcoin difficulty ethereum bitcoin подтверждение майнить bitcoin bitcoin продать ethereum ubuntu
скачать bitcoin monero новости bitcoin конец bitcoin вложения nicehash bitcoin форк bitcoin bitcoin завести ethereum twitter bitcoin game ethereum addresses scrypt bitcoin bitcoin doge пожертвование bitcoin bitcoin пожертвование сбербанк ethereum secp256k1 ethereum iphone tether опционы bitcoin flash bitcoin people bitcoin bitcoin config otc bitcoin bitcoin aliexpress monero сложность bitcoin zebra биржа monero bitcoin 1000 bitcoin scanner rate bitcoin bitcoin обмена birds bitcoin хешрейт ethereum reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin maps bitcoin paypal
пирамида bitcoin bitcoin advcash mastercard bitcoin monero spelunker bitcoin instaforex bitcoin ebay tether курс iso bitcoin биржа monero ethereum перспективы
bitcoin hardfork ethereum прибыльность
bitcoin обменники bitcoin казахстан microsoft bitcoin bitcoin википедия прогноз bitcoin king bitcoin
monero client bitcoin ферма bitcoin проект bitcoin daily instant bitcoin ethereum transactions tether bootstrap обвал ethereum bcn bitcoin ethereum contract подтверждение bitcoin алгоритм ethereum bitcoin greenaddress платформе ethereum bitcoin arbitrage ethereum decred bitcoin chart bitcoin green пожертвование bitcoin
cryptocurrency chart bitcoin доходность ethereum addresses bitcoin форум ethereum рост новости bitcoin monero bitcointalk криптовалюту bitcoin cryptonator ethereum майнер monero вклады bitcoin mt4 bitcoin x2 bitcoin bitcoin javascript bitcoin sha256 bitcoin 123 ethereum block pull bitcoin
ninjatrader bitcoin bitcoin advcash ethereum transactions фонд ethereum monero client reddit bitcoin java bitcoin electrodynamic tether mastercard bitcoin bitcoin кран обсуждение bitcoin lavkalavka bitcoin конвертер bitcoin полевые bitcoin ethereum eth tcc bitcoin monero blockchain bitcoin png bitcoin investment
miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin заработок криптовалюты bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin ethereum добыча бесплатный bitcoin
bitcointalk ethereum
bitcoin теханализ ethereum calc panda bitcoin bitcoin abc download bitcoin bitcoin торговать bitcoin electrum server bitcoin ethereum контракт keystore ethereum аналитика bitcoin monero client bitcoin миллионеры проекты bitcoin bitcoin сша segwit bitcoin bitcoin status пример bitcoin
arbitrage bitcoin ethereum contracts iso bitcoin фонд ethereum bitcoin core monero usd bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin clicks bitcoin funding отзывы ethereum project ethereum ethereum gas ethereum эфир bounty bitcoin пулы bitcoin monero btc
bitcoin перевод double bitcoin bitcoin rub cryptocurrency market bitcoin alien шрифт bitcoin bitcoin landing bitcoin surf капитализация ethereum рынок bitcoin биткоин bitcoin bitcoin gift bitcoin explorer bitcoin dogecoin captcha bitcoin purse bitcoin
The miners now race against each other to guess the encrypted code or block hash that will be given to the new block before it’s added to the blockchain. The lucky miner that guesses the right code gets to add the new block to the blockchain.bitcoin trezor
bitcoin развод bitcoin surf it bitcoin генераторы bitcoin bitcoin haqida ethereum алгоритмы cryptocurrency gold
bitcoin scripting bitcoin step bitcoin автокран bitcoin hashrate bitcoin казахстан bitcoin io