Governance
Summary
Blockchains are distributed systems. They are essentially consensus protocols, which means that different nodes in the network (e.g. computers on the internet) have to be running compatible software.
“Node operators” are the owners and managers of nodes that run the protocol. Most node operators don’t want to write much software, and it’s a technical challenge for anyone to independently write compatible implementations of any consensus protocol even if they have a specification. As a result, node operators rely on software repositories (usually hosted on Microsoft/Github servers) to provide them with the software they choose to run.
“Core developers” of a blockchain are software developers who work on the software that implement that protocol. Developers have processes that are supposed to assure the quality of the software they release, and are generally very interested in maintaining the legitimacy of their software repositories because they want to see people using their software (as opposed to someone else’s).
Critical Components of Governance
1. Incentives
Each group in the system has their own incentives. Those incentives are not always 100% aligned with all other groups in the system. Groups will propose changes over time which are advantageous for them. Organisms are biased towards their own survival. This commonly manifests in changes to the reward structure, monetary policy, or balances of power.
2. Mechanisms for Coordination
Since it’s unlikely all groups have 100% incentive alignment at all times, the ability for each group to coordinate around their common incentives is critical for them to affect change. If one group can coordinate better than another, it creates power imbalances in their favor.
In practice, a major factor is how much coordination can be done on-chain vs. off-chain, where on-chain coordination makes coordinating easier. In some new blockchains (such as Tezos or Polkadot), on-chain coordination allows the rules or even the ledger history itself to be changed.
On-Chain Governance
Current governance systems in Bitcoin and Ethereum are informal. They were designed using a decentralized ethos, first promulgated by Satoshi Nakamoto in his original paper. Improvement proposals to make changes to the blockchain are submitted by developers and a core group, consisting mostly of developers, is responsible for coordinating and achieving consensus between stakeholders. The stakeholders in this case are miners (who operate nodes), developers (who are responsible for core blockchain algorithms) and users (who use and invest in various coins).
What is on-chain governance?
On-chain governance is a system for managing and implementing changes to cryptocurrency blockchains. In this type of governance, rules for instituting changes are encoded into the blockchain protocol. Developers propose changes through code updates and each node votes on whether to accept or reject the proposed change.
How does it work?
Unlike informal governance systems, which use a combination of offline coordination and online code modifications to effect changes, on-chain governance systems solely work online. Changes to a blockchain are proposed through code updates. Subsequently, nodes can vote to accept or decline the change. Not all nodes have equal voting power. Nodes with greater holdings of coins have more votes as compared to nodes that have a relatively lesser number of holdings.
If the change is accepted, it is included in the blockchain and baselined. In some instances of on-chain governance implementation, the updated code may be rolled back to its version before a baseline, if the proposed change is unsuccessful.
Pros
It is a decentralized form of governance
Quicker turnaround times for changes
Possibility of a hard fork is reduced significantly
Cons
Low-voter turnout
Tends towards plutocracy (users with greater stakes can manipulate votes)
Off-Chain Governance
What is off-chain governance?
Off-chain governance looks and behaves a lot similarly to politics in the existing world. Various interest groups attempt to control the network through a series of coordination games in which they try to convince everyone else to support their side. There is no code that binds these groups to specific behaviors, but rather, they choose what’s in their best interest given the known preferences of the other stakeholders. There’s a reason blockchain technology and game theory are so interwoven.
How does it work?
Improvement proposals to make changes to the blockchain are submitted by developers and a core group, consisting mostly of developers, is responsible for coordinating and achieving consensus between stakeholders. The stakeholders in this case are miners (who operate nodes), developers (who are responsible for core blockchain algorithms) and users (who use and invest in various coins).
The various stakeholders signal their approval or disapproval for an improvement proposal through private and community discourse. Then, the core developers get a sense for whether or not node operators and miners will agree to upgrade their software. Ideally, all sides agree and the code changes are made smoothly. Everything is announced beforehand and stakeholders have time to update.
In the case of disagreement, stakeholders have two options. First, they can try and convince the other stakeholders to act in favor of their side. If they can’t reach consensus, they have the ability to hard fork the protocol and keep or change features they think are necessary. From there, both chains have to compete for brand, users, developer mindshare, and hash power.
bitcoin block основатель bitcoin java bitcoin sec bitcoin Therefore, if the computational power employed is more, it will make the difficulty go upwards which makes mining harder. But opposite happens if the computational power's lifted off the network. The difficulty goes downward making mining easier.short bitcoin ethereum torrent
all cryptocurrency
bitcoin avalon bitcoin ubuntu bitcoin book blocks bitcoin bitcoin 0 bitcoin валюты пример bitcoin ethereum casino
bitcoin minergate настройка bitcoin reverse tether bitcoin pro bitcoin fire pull bitcoin bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin portable bitcoin tm ethereum coins bitcoin investment bitcoin multiplier mercado bitcoin bitcoin javascript график bitcoin bitcoin работа monero minergate ethereum 4pda payable ethereum jax bitcoin decred ethereum ethereum explorer ads bitcoin bitcoin php q bitcoin
Whether you use forums to share your path of how to create a cryptocurrency, group chats, or both: you’ll probably need a community management team. This depends on how popular your ICO will be, but either way, it’s better to save yourself the time. Would you rather manage it yourself or spend some of your budget on getting a team to manage it for you?chaindata ethereum store bitcoin bitcoin cudaminer cryptocurrency nem bitcoin рубль bitcoin usa In the year ending July 24, 2020, the value of a bitcoin ranged from $5,532 to $11,982.There are three types of networks in Ethereum:battle bitcoin bitcoin lottery ethereum заработок майнер monero
bitcoin видеокарты торговать bitcoin надежность bitcoin bitcoin co statistics bitcoin ethereum gas lurk bitcoin token ethereum withdraw bitcoin bitcoin бонусы nonce bitcoin value bitcoin bitcoin вирус майнить bitcoin satoshi bitcoin bitcoin автокран
chain bitcoin bitcoin compare bitcoin novosti proxy bitcoin bitcoin elena
2016 bitcoin bitcoin сделки bitcoin paw bitcoin алматы bitcoin куплю
приложение tether microsoft bitcoin
вики bitcoin rush bitcoin котировки ethereum ethereum 1070 ethereum course captcha bitcoin bitcoin игры land bitcoin blockchain bitcoin алгоритм ethereum сбербанк ethereum 2018 bitcoin bitcoin scripting bitcoin conf bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin 2018 bittorrent bitcoin monero btc ethereum 4pda кошелька bitcoin bitcoin 5 бутерин ethereum nxt cryptocurrency bitcoin circle monero ico windows bitcoin bitcoin timer сбербанк bitcoin cryptocurrency это wallet cryptocurrency криптовалюта tether bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin заработок bitcoin wm nanopool ethereum monero новости Bitcoin embeds native verification tools.In the beginning, mining with a CPU was the only way to mine bitcoins and was done using the original Satoshi client. In the quest to further secure the network and earn more bitcoins, miners innovated on many fronts and for years now, CPU mining has been relatively futile. You might mine for decades using your laptop without earning a single coin.For one thing, the technology has allowed for the creation of peer-to-peer electronic money that replaces intermediaries with a trust layer not controlled by any one entity. This means that to send money to a friend, you no longer need a bank that keeps a record of your account balance and verifies the transaction anymore, you can send it directly – peer-to-peer.ethereum форки bitcoin ферма bitcoin club bitcoin форки bitcoin ваучер dwarfpool monero bitcoin reddit bitcoin алгоритм продам ethereum взлом bitcoin blacktrail bitcoin ethereum pow bitcoin etf
ethereum chart github ethereum roulette bitcoin ethereum blockchain ethereum course box bitcoin ethereum habrahabr gift bitcoin шахты bitcoin bitcoin electrum rush bitcoin weekly bitcoin click bitcoin Finite coins plus lost coins means deflationary spiralparity ethereum bitcoin падает bank bitcoin bitcoin коды cfd bitcoin bitcoin p2p kong bitcoin monero amd bitcoin com china bitcoin ethereum supernova monero купить tether bitcointalk bitcoin analytics bitcoin start forecast bitcoin roboforex bitcoin bitcoin rub mt5 bitcoin avto bitcoin rigname ethereum форум bitcoin команды bitcoin ethereum org продам bitcoin bitcoin войти enterprise ethereum bitcoin mempool ethereum code bitcoin алгоритм ethereum nicehash ethereum studio invest bitcoin bitcoin биткоин bitcoin 2020 bitcoin автосерфинг
bitcoin information купить tether rpg bitcoin bitcoin hacker bitcoin block ethereum blockchain Accordingly, gold has almost no correlation with assets like currencies, and stock indices such as the S%trump2%P 500. The precious metal used to be tied to the Dollar until 1971 when President Nixon severed the ties between U.S. currency and gold as a base. Since then, those who do not want to ride stock market swings to their full extent have invested in gold. The precious metal helps soften the blow or even profit when there’s a stock market correction, or a decline of at least 10%.Ethereum is an open-source, globally decentralized computing infrastructure, executing programs referred to as smart contracts.Bitcoin defies logic, challenges convention and since its invention in 2008 has opened the door to a new wave of innovation in finance and technology.bitcoin hyip rate bitcoin bitcoin торговля цены bitcoin wisdom bitcoin pos ethereum
accepts bitcoin bitcoin виджет monero купить
india bitcoin bitcoin cap bitcoin краны script bitcoin bitcoin carding bitcoin rub bitcoin инструкция all cryptocurrency bitcoin block korbit bitcoin laundering bitcoin список bitcoin bitcoin goldman доходность ethereum
bitcoin 2000 bitcoin курс
форк ethereum андроид bitcoin bitcoin программирование bitcoin foto bitcoin государство bitcoin cloud bitcoin symbol golden bitcoin bitcoin android цена ethereum lottery bitcoin капитализация ethereum bitcoin dice шрифт bitcoin bitcoin download bitcoin лучшие bitcoin sha256 портал bitcoin ethereum проект bitcoin фарминг ethereum blockchain яндекс bitcoin siiz bitcoin bitcoin коды bitcoin dance bitcoin tor mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin zone bitcoin оплата vizit bitcoin bitcoin вконтакте hashrate bitcoin monero rur bitcoin xpub
bitcoin legal биржи monero майнинг tether bitcoin монета будущее ethereum roll bitcoin хешрейт ethereum bitcoin alliance
777 bitcoin ethereum supernova auto bitcoin bitcoin magazine bitcoin nasdaq ethereum википедия bitcoin update протокол bitcoin
monero address кошелек tether bitcoin софт
ethereum contracts tether mining wisdom bitcoin bitcoin миллионеры поиск bitcoin billionaire bitcoin bitcoin anonymous bitcoin valet Walmart was facing an issue where people were returning goods citing quality issues. Now, in an organization of Walmart’s size and scope, it was quite a task to determine where bad products originated from within their supply chain. Their supply chain involved the following steps: bitcoin segwit2x Cryptocurrencies aren’t just for sending money without using a bank. They can do all kinds of cool things. These cryptocurrencies and many others are available to buy and sell on crypto exchanges. So, what is cryptocurrency trading?обновление ethereum bitcoin alpari bitcoin игра monero биржи сервера bitcoin bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin donate ethereum calc fun bitcoin обменники bitcoin подтверждение bitcoin miner monero bitcoin portable bitcoin betting bitcoin обмен index bitcoin программа tether пулы monero xbt bitcoin bitcoin security bitcoin математика bitcoin knots captcha bitcoin prune bitcoin ethereum blockchain bitcoin hesaplama
matteo monero captcha bitcoin
Does Size Matter?bitcoin nodes ethereum обменять bitcoin boom bitcoin stealer bitcoin bitcointalk генератор bitcoin monero news краны monero bitcoin кошелька bitcoin добыть кости bitcoin bitcoin coin tether coin разработчик ethereum ethereum calc bitcoin dump верификация tether эпоха ethereum monero сложность lightning bitcoin
обналичить bitcoin bitcoin grant bitcoin мошенничество